The Discernment of Spirits in the writings of Teresa of Avila

Abstract

After a brief general introduction and a specific introduction to the subject of “discernment of spirits”, this article deals with  Teresa’s attitude towards religious experiences. Contrary to a certain “baroque” perception of Teresa highlighting her extraordinary  spiritual experiences, it appears that Teresa was critical of such phenomena in her writings. She did not exclude  them, but considered them to be of little significance. To her, the “fruits” produced by such experiences in humans were much  more important and decisive for the purpose of discernment of spirits. Instead of fixating on experiences, Teresa again and again  drew attention to the development of  the whole human being, where a positive course resulting in maturation and liberation speaks for the authenticity of a spiritual life. That is why such discernment requires dialogue, talks with spiritual counsellors, with sisters and brothers, with friends and  acquaintances, and with experienced people to hear different views and perspectives. Discernment of spirits is always more than  rational or ethical consideration; it is a mental and spiritual process. Teresa, living at the beginning of the Modern Period, thus appears  to have been an educated, independent and intelligent woman, to whom critical reflection was an essential part of Christian life.